常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理会海平面上升与国际和平与安全问题公开辩论会的发言
Remarks by China’s Permanent Representative to the UN Ambassador Zhang Jun at the UN Security Council Open Debate on Sea-level Rise: Implications for International Peace and Security
（来源：英文巴士）
（2023年2月18日）
主席先生：
Mr. President,
中方欢迎马耳他作为安理会主席倡议举行这次会议。我感谢博奇外长主持会议，感谢古特雷斯秘书长、克勒希主席、奥雷斯库主席所作通报，也认真听取了帕西西女士的发言。
China welcomes Malta’s initiative as the Council President to convene today’s meeting. I also thank Foreign Minister Ian Borg for presiding over the meeting. I thank Secretary-General Guterres, UNGA President Kőrösi and Co-Chair Aurescu for their briefings. And I have listened attentively to the statement by Ms. Pasisi.
海平面上升推高了全球生态系统以及人类社会的脆弱性，可能引发领土淹没、人口迁移、财产损失等一系列问题，给人类生存与发展带来全方位的挑战，对小岛屿发展中国家和低洼海岸线国家而言，更是关乎生死存亡的问题。中国也是一个拥有漫长海岸线的国家，我们对海平面上升带来的风险同样高度关注。海平面上升还对海洋法、国家地位、人员保护等提出新的课题，与安全问题的关系十分复杂，这些都需要进行深入综合研究。中方期待国际法委员会正在进行的“与国际法有关的海平面上升”专题研究得出务实、客观、有价值的成果。
Sea-level rise has heightened the vulnerability of the ecosystem and human society globally. It may give rise to submersion of territories, human migration, property loss, and other issues, and poses all-round challenges to human survival and development. For small island developing states and low-lying coastal countries, it is even an existential matter. China, as a country with a long coastline, also pays great attention to the risks from sea-level rise. In addition, the rising sea level has brought about new questions on inter alia the Law of the Sea, statehood, and human protection, and as such has intricate links with security, which all merit in-depth and comprehensive study. China expects that the dedicated study on sea-level rise in relation to international law being examined by the International Law Commission will produce practical, objective, and valuable outcomes.
主席先生，
Mr. President,
海平面上升由全球变暖、极地冰川融化等多重因素引发，是气候变化的一个关键指标。国际社会要对海平面上升的后果加强前瞻性研究，同时要瞄准气候变化这个根源，全力延缓气候变暖，遏制海平面快速上升的趋势。古特雷斯秘书长多次发出警告，地球正在迅速接近气候变化临界点。国际社会应增强刻不容缓的紧迫感，抓紧采取一切必要行动，防止气候变化给人类造成不可逆转的灾难。
Sea-level rise is caused by a multitude of factors such as global warming and polar glacier melting, and is a key indicator for climate change. The international community should step up forward-looking studies on the consequences of the rising sea level, and in the meantime, focus on climate change as its root cause, rigorously slow down global warming, and contain the trend of rapid sea-level rise. Secretary-General Guterres has repeatedly warned us that the planet is fast approaching climate change critical point. The international community should adopt a greater sense of urgency without delay, seize the opportunity to take all necessary actions, and prevent climate change from causing irreversible catastrophes to humanity.
减缓气候变化事关全人类命运，国际社会的决心不能动摇，行动不能松懈。要达成《巴黎协定》确定的温控目标，发达国家必须加大率先减排力度。然而去年以来，一些发达国家能源政策出现倒退，化石能源消费和碳排放不减反增，使已经十分脆弱的全球减排前景岌岌可危。发达国家普遍较早提出“双碳”目标和方案，应该发挥表率作用，采取切实行动加以落实。
As climate change mitigation concerns the future of the entire humanity, the international community should be fully determined and relentless in its efforts. To achieve the temperature cap set out in the Paris Agreement, developed Countries must take the lead in further reducing emissions. However, since last year, there has been a backtrack in the energy policy of some developed countries and an increase rather than decrease in their fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, which makes the already elusive global emissions reduction prospect even more precarious. Most developed countries set forth their carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets and programs relatively early. And they should set an example by taking concrete actions for their implementation.
资金始终是全球气候治理的核心和关键问题。发达国家有责任和义务向发展中国家提供气候变化融资和援助。发达国家早在2009年就承诺每年向发展中国家提供1000亿美元的资金，但至今从未真正到位，所谓承诺已成为一张空头支票。更有甚者，有的国家一边消极对待发展中国家的资金需求，一边以推动本国能源转型为名，通过所谓“通胀削减法案”，投入数千亿美元为本国制造业提供高额补贴。这种虚伪自私的“绿色保护主义”违反世贸组织规则，对其他国家相关产业构成歧视，也有损全球应对气候变化的集体努力。
Financing always lies at the heart of and is a key issue for global climate governance. Developed Countries are obliged and responsible for providing climate change financing and assistance to developing countries. As early as 2009, developed countries pledged 100 billion US dollars annually to developing countries, which has yet to be truly delivered up to date, making their so-called commitment nothing but an empty promise. Worse still, some country, while passively responding to the funding needs of developing countries, invests hundreds of billions of dollars in hefty subsidies to its domestic manufacturing industry through the so-called Inflation Reduction Act, purportedly to promote its energy transition. Such hypocritical and self-serving, green protectionism violates WTO rules, discriminates against relevant industries in other countries, and undermines the collective efforts to tackle climate change globally.
坚持真正的多边主义，加强团结合作是应对气候变化挑战的唯一出路。要继续坚持共同但有区别责任的原则，这关乎国际公平正义。偏离这一原则将严重损害国际社会应对气候变化的团结合作。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》是应对气候变化国际合作的主框架，有关成果来之不易，需要各方共同珍惜、共同维护。安理会可以在具体国别议题下，结合具体情况，在准确把握气候驱动安全风险的机理基础上，研究采取有针对性应对办法。
Adhering to true multilateralism and strengthening solidarity and cooperation are the only way out in addressing the climate change challenge. We should stick to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, which bears on international equity and justice. Deviation from this principle will severely damage the unity and cooperation of the international community to tackle climate change. The UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement constitute the main framework for international cooperation on climate change, the hard-won achievements of which are to be jointly cherished and maintained by all. The Security Council may, under country-specific items and in line with specific circumstances, examine and take targeted responses based on an accurate grasp on the mechanism of climate-driven security risks.
应对气候变化和海平面上升，要始终着眼于落实2023年议程，为实现可持续发展目标创造有利条件。小岛屿发展中国家最易受气候冲击，其适应能力也最为脆弱。国际社会要切实解决小岛屿发展中国家的关切和诉求，通过资金和技术援助帮助他们加强能力建设，增强气候韧性，实现绿色低碳发展。海洋是世界各国赖以生存和发展的基础，保护海洋环境是全人类的共同责任。眼下一个迫在眉睫的挑战，是福岛核电站40万吨核污染水的排海问题，这将严重破坏海洋环境，损害民众健康，小岛屿发展中国家及人民更是首当其冲。中方敦促日本履行应尽的国际义务，以科学、公开、透明、安全的方式处置核污染水，切实保护海洋生态环境。
Efforts to address climate change and sea-level rise should always aim to implement the 2030 Agenda and to create conducive conditions for achieving the SDGs. Small island developing states are most exposed to climate shocks, but the least adaptable at the same time. The international community should effectively address the concerns and needs of SIDS, help them with capacity building through financial and technical assistance, build up their climate resilience, and achieve green and low-carbon development. The ocean is the bedrock for survival and development on which all countries in the world depend, making the marine environment conservation a common responsibility of humankind. A pressing challenge, as we speak, is the discharge of 400,000 tonnes of nuclear contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant, which will seriously damage the marine environment and people’s health, with SIDS and their people bearing the brunt. China urges Japan to fulfill its international obligations, dispose of the nuclear contaminated water in a science-based, open, transparent, and safe manner, and effectively protect the marine environment and ecosystem.
主席先生，
Mr. President,
应对气候变化，中国始终是坚定的行动派，凡是作出的承诺，一定全力以赴。我们积极稳步推进碳达峰碳中和工作，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色低碳的发展道路，在节能、可再生能源、新能源汽车、森林碳汇等方面取得一系列成就，为全球气候治理作出了实实在在的贡献。中国一直是气候变化南南合作的倡导者和实践者。截至目前，我们同38个发展中国家签署了45份气候变化合作文件，实施3个低碳示范区建设项目，开展42个减缓和适应气候变化项目，累计为120多个发展中国家培训相关领域技术人员，受到包括小岛屿发展中国家在内的广大发展中国家的欢迎和高度评价。中方将继续同各方一道，积极参与全球气候治理，携手应对气候变化挑战。
In the face of climate change, China has always been steadfastly action-oriented with no efforts spared once a commitment is made. We have made steady yet robust progress towards carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, unswervingly pursued a green and low-carbon development pathway that puts ecological conservation at the forefront, and made a series of achievements in energy conservation, renewable energy, new energy vehicles, and forest carbon sequestration, among others, hereby making tangible contributions to global climate governance. China always advocates and engages in South-South cooperation on climate change. Up to date, we have signed 45 climate change cooperation instruments with 38 developing countries, built three low-carbon demonstration zones, carried out 42 climate change mitigation and adaptation projects, and trained technical personnel in relevant fields from over 120 developing countries in total. All these have been well received and highly acclaimed by many developing countries, including SIDS. China will continue to work with all parties to actively participate in global climate governance and tackle the climate change challenge.
《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十八次缔约方大会（COP28）将于今年12月在阿联酋举办。中方赞赏阿联酋为推进全球应对气候变化进程所作贡献，支持阿联酋举办一届成功的大会。希望各方聚焦公约宗旨和目标，回应发展中国家核心关切，推动大会取得积极成果，共同构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系。
COP28 of the UNFCCC will be held this December in the UAE. China appreciates the UAE’s contribution to advancing the global process of tackling climate change, and supports the UAE in hosting a successful COP. It is our hope that all parties will focus on the purposes and objectives of the Convention, and jointly build a fair, reasonable, cooperative, and win-win global climate governance architecture.
谢谢主席先生。
Thank you, Mr. President.
（编辑：杨紫彤）